Re: (2), I agree with you, but I'd go even further in saying that even when women do have access to contraception, they don't always use it, and there are legitimate reasons for that. I've cited the book _Taking Chances_ by Kristin Luker, about this topic, so many times that I might as well cite it one more :-) (Some of the reasons involve social stigma, but it can be hard to say where stigma stops and people being people begin.)